The cystitis is called inflammation of the bladder. Very often, this problem includes women, since they are shorter and wider than men. This circumstance makes the penetration of the infection here easier and faster. In total, in different periods of life, cystitis is sick from 20 to 40 % of the composition of the planet's women.
The causes of cystitis
Cystitis is a disease inherent in all ages. The following reasons cause it mainly:
- hypothermia of the pelvic areas;
- lesions of the mucous membrane of the bladder;
- sedentary lifestyle;
- acute and fatty foods;
- the presence of chronic gynecological diseases or sexually transmitted;
- the presence of outbreaks of infection in the body;
- unprotected sex;
- Lack of hygiene.
The main cause of this disease is hypothermia. The most dangerous freezing of the legs and pelvis. Therefore, you cannot sit on cold surfaces, wear a thin silk linen in the cold season, as well as too light shoes.
The risk factor is also a sedentary work that causes blood stagnation in the veins of the pelvic areas. You can't sit continuously in a place for example, 4-5 hours. If your duties require it, you have to try to get up more often and take breaks of 15 minutes.
A special category of causes capable of causing cystitis represents violations of hygiene rules. Run the risk of acquiring this disease if:
- Rarely changes tampons or hygiene gaskets for menstruation;
- Practice transitions from anal sexual intercourse to the vaginal;
- Often wearing tight synthetic underwear;
- constantly use daily gaskets;
- After defecation, dry in the direction of the anus forward;
- Do not observe the method of urination.
It is necessary to release the bladder at least 5 times a day, otherwise the infection that enters the bladder is facilitated due to stagnation or decomposition of the urine.
Types of cystitis
Depending on the nature of the disease, cystitis is divided into acute and chronic. The acute form proceeds in the presence of pronounced symptoms and occurs after a sudden provocative factor.
Chronic cystitis is characterized by the lower severity of manifestations and is often caused by other diseases.
Depending on the cause of the pathology, cystitis is divided into primary and secondary, as well as bacterial and non -bacterial.
The bacterial inflammation of this organ is caused by infections of various origins: streptococci, enterococci, gonococci, etc. At the same time, the infection can be hematogenic, lymphogenic, descending or ascending.
The nebacterial cystitis develops with irritation of the walls with medicinal, chemical or other substances. Distinguish between thermal cystitis, toxic, radiation, allergic, food.
If primary disease is characterized by damage to bladder law by one of these factors, then secondary cystitis develops following other diseases of this or neighboring organs. So, for example, usually accompanies urolitiasis, prostate adenoma, urethra stenosis, etc.
Cystitis symptoms
The symptoms of this disease depend on its form. If in acute cases there is a brilliant clinical picture with strong reins with rapids up to several times at the time of urination, therefore during the chronic path during remission, the signs can be absolutely absent.
The most characteristic symptoms of the acute form of the disease include:
- painful and frequent urination;
- Cut pain in the pubic in the bladder area;
- air of urine;
- In serious cases, an increase in temperature.
In some patients, there is also a mixture of blood in the urine, there is constantly a feeling of incomplete emptying of the bladder. In some patients, at the end of urination, they are so strong that they radiate to the rectum.
If these symptoms occur in a man, it is necessary to immediately contact a urologist, since male cystitis is almost always secondary. Their main cause are prostate diseases, urolitiasis, diabetes mellitus. Symptoms very similar to cystitis occur with non -niccock urethritis.
Occasionally, the asymptomatic course of cystitis is possible. In such cases, the diagnosis is established by chance during the execution of the urine analysis for another reason.
Diagnostics
In the presence of a typical clinical picture in favor of acute cystitis, it speaks a rapid improvement of the condition under the influence of antibacterial agents. In addition, laboratory tests and ultrasound data are taken into consideration.
After the disappearance of acute phenomena in order to clarify the diagnosis, cystoscopy is conducted, which is a study of the internal state of the bladder.
For women, a gynecological examination is very important, in which it is possible to identify concomitant female diseases that contribute to the development of cystitis.
Therefore, a complete examination in chronic cystitis consists of:
General urine analysis;
- sowing bacteriological urine;
- Urine analysis according to Neciporenko;
- PCR diagnostics;
- cystoscopy;
- Ultrasound of the parental organs;
- If necessary - biopsy.
Cystitis must not be confused with urethritis, which consists in inflammation of the urethra and manifests itself only by reins, burning and pain during urination. In many cases, these diseases accompany each other.
If the inflammatory process does not respond to the treatment and the process acquires a prolonged character, it is necessary to discover in detail the cause of this situation. In this case, to prescribe the correct treatment, it is necessary to differentiate cystitis with other diseases, for example prostatitis, bladder cancer, tuberculosis.
When making a diagnosis, it should also be considered that cystitis is not characterized by an increase in temperature above 37, 5 degrees. If the patient has such a symptom, he needs a urologist to consult to exclude kidney disease.
Cystitis treatment
To get rid of the epidemic or exacerbation of this extremely unpleasant disease, it is necessary to follow the following recommendations:
- observe the rest in bed;
- take prescribed drugs;
- Drink a lot of hot liquid;
- Follow the diet.
In acute cystitis, antispasmodic, antibacterial drugs, herbs with diuretic effects are prescribed. With the pronounced pain, drugs that relieve the spasm of the muscles of the bladder - Noshpu, drotaverine, papaverine are recommended. They can be used both in the form of tablets and in the form of candles. It helps to eliminate the crib, laid on the lower abdomen.
The herbs thrown are widely used for cystitis, Lingonberry leaf, kidney tea. The fruit drinks of blueberries, lingonberli and blueberries are very useful in such a situation. There are phytopiparrations made ready for such cases. The use of finished drugs gives a more awaited effect in the treatment of cystitis. But the use of ready -made pharmacological agents does not cancel the intake of abundant hot drinks.
The hot baths with herbs or the washing of the external genitals with hot water with soda solution will help alleviate the condition after a painful urination.
The diet in acute cystitis should exclude marinades, spices, savory. Lattiero -caseari products, fruit, in particular watermelon will be useful.
During the chronic course of the disease, procedures aimed at restoring the outflow of urine are prescribed. These include, for example, the treatment of prostate adenoma, the elimination of the narrowing of the urethra. Mandatory detection and elimination of the outbreaks of infection in the body is carried out. In chronic cystitis forms, the antibacterial treatment is carried out only after appropriate laboratory tests: sowing urine, identifying the pathogen and its sensitivity to antibiotics.
Treatment with folk methods
People have many means that have a positive effect in diseases of the urinary sphere, including cystitis. Their most effective can be called the following:
- Boil 3 liters of milk. Separate a large cup and pour into a basin. The patient must put his legs inside him and wrap himself with a blanket in life. When the milk in the pelvis begins to cool, you have to add another cup there. Then continue until all the milk is poured. When the procedure is repeated, the same milk can be boiled again. Repeat to improve the condition.
- Take 2 half of red bricks and heat on the fire. Put them in an empty metal bucket, whose edges are wrapped with fabric. The patient sits on a bucket and wraps the lower body in a plaid or blanket. Sit in this position while the heat comes from brick. After the end of the procedure, go to bed. Repeat several times.
Not to all patients are allowed thermal procedures in the pelvis. For example, they are contraindicated in women with fibroids or fibromyoma. In such cases, the use of diuretic herbs, which must be performed for 1, 5-2 months. With phytotherapy to avoid recurrence, it is important to carry out repeated courses. Therefore, after an acute outbreak of the disease, it is necessary to repeat the treatment after 2-3 months and in the treatment of chronic forms, after 3-5 months.
A good effect with cystitis has such a collection of herbs: in equal proportions, the parsley grass, thyme, grass of San Giovanni, dill and Knorbus mix in equal proportions. 1 teaspoon of mixture is poured with 1 cup of boiling water and insisted. You have to drink this half -glass infusion three times a day for 20 days. 3 These courses should be held with a 10 -day break. Relief occurs already during the first course and the entire cycle helps to get rid of the old cystitis.
A rapid improvement of the condition can be obtained if a handful of dry flowers of a flow of corn with 300 g of boiling water is produced and insists for 30 minutes. Half of the portion is drunk in small sips in the evening, the second half of the morning.
The acute manifestations of the cystitis are quickly passed if you eat 0, 5-1 l of Lingonberries in a dose. But this does not mean that further treatments should be completely interrupted on this.
The effect of folk methods will be more stable if they are used in combination with the diet and pharmacological treatment.
Possible complications
With adequate therapy, the symptoms disappear in 5-10 days. But often, after home or performed quickly, the signs of the disease disappear only for a while. The real cause of the disease remains in the body and is immediately felt with the slightest hypothermia. In this case, they say that cystitis has turned into a chronic form.
The chronic type of illness is particularly dangerous for girls, as it can lead to scars of the rear wall of the urethra and reducing it into volume. At the same time, a vicious circle occurs, which consists in constantly feeding on the focal lengths of infection.
Furthermore, if the cystitis is not enough, an infection from the bladder can penetrate the kidneys, due to which a more serious disease develops: the pielonefritite. At the same time, pain in the lumbar region, fever and swelling are added to frequent urination.
A serious complication of the disease that occurs in the absence of adequate treatment is the development of interstitial cystitis. In this case, the infection penetrates not only to the mucous layer, but also to the submucous layer, as well as to the muscle wall of the organ. Its fabrics are scarred and deformed, which entails the bladder and the loss of its volume. The only way to save the patient is the operation to complete the organ with the plastic of the new, consisting of fabrics of the large intestine.
Cystitis during pregnancy
This disease, which already torments women mainly, often occurs during pregnancy. Every tenth woman learns to know the existence of this disease in the difficult period of recovery a child.
His presence in the early stages is explained by the changes in the hormonal background, as well as by the phenomenon of the immunosuction of the pregnant woman, that is, inhibition of immunity. It is the weakened immunity that allows microorganisms to freely breed and cause inflammation of the mucous membrane of the bladder. Therefore, the slightest hypothermia, the violation of the rules of hygiene and even a strong climate change can cause acute cystitis in all its glory in its mother expectation.
The occurrence of this disease is also facilitated by the uterus in constant growth, which tightens the bladder and leads to a violation of the outflow of urine, which causes the active propagation of pathogenic microbes.
The difficulty of treating cystitis during pregnancy is that the drugs taken can adversely affect the body of the child of the unborn child. But, at the same time, the treatment should be carried out immediately, since the infection can spread to the kidneys. Therefore, it is necessary to take these drugs that will act specifically in the bladder.
Cystitis prevention
For the prevention of the disease, it is sufficient to follow some simple recommendations:
- Observe intimate hygiene;
- Avoid hypothermia;
- Don't sit on cold surfaces;
- Do not eat spicy and salty foods;
- Sexual care infections;
- Refuse the underwear from synthetic materials.
With a lifestyle sitting every 20-30 minutes, you should get up and knead and, of course, you shouldn't be lazy to empty the bladder in time.
A good prevention of cystitis is the drinking daily of a glass of blueberry juice or blueberry grip in any other form. This natural remedy has a diuretic and disinfectant property and, so to speak, interferes with infection attached to the walls of the bladder.